Common Chemicals and Where to Find Them

This is a list of common chemicals and where you can find them or how you can make them. Key Takeaways: Locate Common Chemicals Many ordinary household products consist of relatively pure elements and compounds.If you have trouble locating a chemical, check for both its common name and its chemical name. For example, table salt is sodium chloride and saltpeter is potassium nitrate.Read labels to see whether additional compounds have been added. Impurities can have a significant effect on projects. acetic acid (CH3COOH H2O)Weak acetic acid (~5%) is sold in grocery stores as white vinegar. acetone (CH3COCH3)Acetone is found in some nail polish removers and some paint removers. It may sometimes be found labelled as pure acetone. aluminum (Al)Aluminum foil (grocery store) is pure aluminum. So is the aluminum wire and aluminum sheeting sold at a hardware store. aluminum potassium sulfate (KAl(SO4)2†¢12H2O)This is alum that is sold at a grocery store. ammonia (NH3)Weak ammonia (~10%) is sold as a household cleaner. ammonium carbonate [(NH4)2CO3]Smelling salts (drug store) are ammonium carbonate. ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)Ammonium hydroxide may be prepared by mixing household ammonia (sold as a cleaner) and strong ammonia (sold in some pharmacies) with water. ascorbic acid (C6H8O6)Ascorbic acid is vitamin C. It is sold as vitamin C tablets in the pharmacy. borax or sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7 * 10H2O)Borax is sold in solid form as a laundry booster, all-purpose cleaner and sometimes as an insecticide. boric acid (H3BO3)Boric acid is sold in pure form as a powder for use as a disinfectant (pharmacy section) or insecticide. butane (C4H10)Butane is sold as lighter fluid. calcium carbonate (CaCO3)Limestone and calcite are calcium carbonate. Eggshells and seashells are calcium carbonate. calcium chloride (CaCl2)Calcium chloride can be found as a laundry booster or as a road salt or de-icing agent. If you are using the road salt, be sure it is pure calcium chloride and not a mixture of various salts. Calcium chloride is also the active ingredient in the moisture absorbing product DampRid. calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)Calcium hydroxide is sold with garden supplies as slaked lime or garden lime to reduce soil acidity. calcium oxide (CaO)Calcium oxide is sold as quicklime at builder supply stores. calcium sulfate (CaSO4 * H2O)Calcium sulfate is sold as plaster of Paris in craft stores and building supply stores. carbon (C)Carbon black (amorphous carbon) can be obtained by collecting soot from the complete burning of wood. Graphite is found as pencil lead. Diamonds are pure carbon. carbon dioxide (CO2)Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide, which sublimates into carbon dioxide gas. Several chemical reactions evolve carbon dioxide gas, such as the reaction between vinegar and baking soda to form sodium acetate. copper (Cu)Uncoated copper wire (from a hardware store or electronics supply store) is extremely pure elemental copper. copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) and copper sulfate pentahydrateCopper sulfate may be found in certain algicides (Bluestoneâ„ ¢) at pool supply stores and sometimes in garden products (Root Eaterâ„ ¢). Be sure to check the product label, since many different chemicals may be used as algicides. helium (He)Pure helium is sold as a gas. If you only need a little, simply purchase a helium-filled balloon. Otherwise, gas supplies usually carry this element. iron (Fe)Iron skillets are made of elemental iron. You can also pick up iron filings by running a magnet through most soils. lead (Pb)Elemental lead metal is found in lead fishing weights. magnesium sulfate (MgSO4 * 7H2O)Epsom salts, usually sold at a pharmacy, are magnesium sulfate. mercury (Hg)Mercury is used in some thermometers. It is more difficult to find than in the past, but many home thermostats still use mercury. naphthalene (C10H8)Some mothballs are pure naphthalene, though check the ingredients since others are made using (para)dichlorobenzene. propane (C3H8)Propane as sold as a gas barbecue and blow torch fuel. silicon dioxide (SiO2)Silicon dioxide is found as clean sand, which is sold at garden and building supply stores. Broken glass is another source of silicon dioxide. potassium chloridePotassium chloride is found as ​lite salt. sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)Sodium bicarbonate is baking soda, which is sold in grocery stores. sodium chloride (NaCl)Sodium chloride is sold as table salt. Look for the uniodized variety of salt. sodium hydroxide (NaOH)Sodium hydroxide is a strong base that may sometimes be found in solid drain cleaner. The pure chemical is waxy white solid, so if you see other colors in the product, expect that it contains impurities. sodium tetraborate decahydate or borax (Na2B4O7 * 10H2O)Borax is sold in solid form as a laundry booster, all-purpose cleaner and sometimes as an insecticide. sucrose or saccharose (C12H22O11)Sucrose is ordinary table sugar. White granulated sugar is your best bet. There are additives in confectioners sugar. If the sugar is not clear or white then it contains impurities. sulfuric acid (H2SO4)Car battery acid is about 40% sulfuric acid. The acid can be concentrated by boiling it, though it may be heavily contaminated with lead, depending on the state of the batterys charge when the acid was collected. zinc (Zn)Zinc blocks may be sold by some electronics supply stores for use as anode. Zinc sheets may be sold as roof flashing at some building supply stores.

Human Nature, Our Downfall - 1284 Words

In a metaphor, the evolution of civilization is in many ways similar to the evolution of flight. A long story made brief – both required multiple attempts, before they were able to function sustainably. Just as the engineers in the big firms which produce the machines – Airplanes and Helicopters – used for flight, are constantly attempting to improve upon their products, we as members of our respective societies are always looking for better, faster and cheaper ways to sustain ourselves. Civilization requires three main ‘materials’ if you will; Politics – the role of the state and political organization, the spokesperson promoting the idea that might is right, Economics – the production, exchange and economic organization of society. The†¦show more content†¦P.2). This becomes more obvious with the rise of global issues such as, global warming. We demand so much out of this planet, take so much for granted, and care so much for our self interests, yet we fail to consider the health of our home - the earth, which is irreplaceable. The green house effect takes place when carbon dioxide is over present in the atmosphere (carbon dioxide traps solar energy heating the atmosphere). As Godrej points out, â€Å"a vital component of human advancement since industrialization began, aided by greed, is throwing the system off-balance. By burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) to supply our power and manufacturing needs and to drive our cars, were adding over six billion tons of carbon to the atmosphere each year†(Godrej p.18) adding â€Å"the chopping down of forests continues unabated, diminishing the earths ability to soak up carbon.† The effects of carbon build up or the greenhouse effect are not yet fully known, however, what we do know is that the longer this issue persists, the less likely it can be resolved, as is suggested in the Godrej reading – we are reaching a tipping point. The political realm of civilization is strongly influenced by capitalism. The political realm is an arena in which elected officials represent the interests of particular groups within societies. 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Microcontroller Based Sms Micro E-Load Vending Machine free essay sample

Then in 2003, telecommunication companies addressed that problem by launching a nation-wide auto reloading stations through a retailer SIM card that vendors can use to pass an amount of load as specified by the subscriber starting at an appreciable amount of money with an increment of one peso. This new prepaid loading service was introduced to capture the interest of budget minded Filipinos or blue collared employees that prefers to load up in smaller denomination. It is difficult for these people to purchase prepaid loads amounting to hundreds of pesos in one transaction because of their daily budget. That is why people are in a day-to-day basis of buying prepaid loads and a wide-spread of auto loading services nationwide. Subscribers can reload from a minimum of P25 up to a 2 thousand with a P1 denomination. Business people are attracted to this service because it is a low investment business which a person can manage on his/her own. We will write a custom essay sample on Microcontroller Based Sms Micro E-Load Vending Machine or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 2. Statement of the Problem The current process of e-load reloading is typing the password, recipient’s phone number and the amount of prepaid credit. A mere â€Å"0† added to the amount could lead to an enormous loss of income. There will be no means to cancel the transaction once it has been sent. Considering that the earnings are small, any mistakes made are devastating. That’s why it is very important to encode the proper amount and number to the GSM device. A prepaid load can also not be delivered properly when the vendor themselves commits mistake in encoding the recipient’s number. Telecommunication companies are not liable to the mistakes done by the retailer. That’s why there is a need to eliminate the cause of this error. There is a need to automate the current auto loading system implemented here in the Philippines. As seen in most stores, the prepaid auto reloading services are being done manually with the vendor using his/her cellular phone to make the transaction. Considering that the transaction is being processed manually, there is the chance for the seller to commit unwanted mistakes, mistakes which could lead to money loss or the loss of income. To avoid these unnecessary mistakes, there is a need to automate (â€Å"interview†, 2006)

Parenthood- Parenting Styles -Psychology free essay sample

After watching Parenthood, a movie about a family of siblings and their children, I was shown all three of the examples of parenting styles, each of these parents have very different ways of raising their children. The three types of parenting styles include democratic parenting, dictatorial parenting, and permissive parenting. The democratic parenting style is where a parent is laid back, but also has general rules and will enforce more strict rules if necessary, these parents are both demanding and responsive. The dictatorial parenting style is a parent who has many rules and is very restrictive, most everything is very structured. The last parenting style is permissive, the permissive parenting style is really when the child is in charge, and this parent rarely uses discipline just to avoid any confrontation. I will be describing these three different parenting styles with three different families, one of these families being my own. In my opinion al parenting styles are effective on the children who they are being used on, but I personally think the most effective of them is the democratic parenting style. We will write a custom essay sample on Parenthood- Parenting Styles -Psychology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first family I will be analyzing is parents Susan and Nathan and there three year old daughter Patty. Susan is the third daughter of the Buckham family, and both Susan and her husband Nathan have set standards way too high to expect from there little girl, although both of these parents do have high standards, Nathans expectations on Patty is too much, the time spent in attempt to reach these expectations starts affecting his marriage with Susan. After analyzing this family, I definitely saw that Susan and Nathan demonstrate the dictatorial parenting style. I believe that Susan and Nathan use the dictatorial parenting style because in the film its demonstrated multiple different times. One of these examples being when this family was first introduced in the movie, before showing patty, Nathan is shown lecturing someone about their capability of education for the future, personally I was assuming that he was talking to a teenager but once once they reveal Patty, and I see a three year old little girl, I couldn’t understand how he was expecting her to understand. Another example was at a family get together, while all the cousins are playing together like most kids do, Nathan is isolating himself with Patty, practicing square root equations, which most parents aren’t even worried about their kids knowing at the age of three. One last example is when Nathan is teaching his daughter karate, in result Patty is â€Å"studying eastern philosophy†. These examples are basically an everyday orderly thing, Although Nathan just wants the best for his daughter, what he is doing isn’t even the least bit necessary, and his strict parenting is putting a lot of pressure on Patty and she will eventually suffer from it. At Patty’s age she should be able to live freely, and not be forced to learn, eventually she will learn, but right now she is just too young. While forcing patty to learn, Nathan is keeping her isolated from the world full of other children, which has made Patty different from the other children, just as Nathan is to other adults. These examples clearly demonstrate the Dictatorial parenting style and how it has affected Patty. At three years old, no child needs to be forced to absorb and learn unnecessary things, when they have a whole life ahead of them. The second family I will be analyzing is a divorced single mother Helen and her two children Julie and Gary. Helen is a bank manager, who was divorced and abandoned by the father of her children. In this film, it’s clear that Helen demonstrates the permissive parenting style. Both Julie and Gary make trouble, and have no respect for their mother. Julie wants to get married to her boyfriend Todd, who Helen doesn’t like at all, and Gary is experiencing a sexual problem but doesn’t feel comfortable talking to his mom about it. From what I see, both Julie and Gary lack a personal connection with their mother. In this film there are multiple different examples how Helen demonstrates the permissive parenting style. One of these examples is when Julie tried running away from home, Helen reacted by threatening her that if Julie ran away she would never let Julie in the house again, but as soon as Julie walked out of the door she quickly changes her attitude about the situation and lets Julie know that she is welcome home any time, basically giving Julie permission to walk all over her. Another example of this parenting style is when Gary goes to leave the house with a brown paper bag and when Helen questions him about what’s in the bag, Gary ignores her, and continues to walk out of the house. Because Helen practices this parenting style with Julie and Gary, they don’t find it necessary to have any respect for her, and it’s a serious problem once any parent loses respect from their children. Although they are a family, they lack the traits of warmth and nurturance, everyone in this household isolates themselves from each other, and they really never do anything as a family. Due to the lack of relationships, Gary craves attention from some type of male figure, and because he can’t get that attention from his mom, he becomes angry and antisocial. Julie went behind her mother’s back and got married to her boyfriend Todd, she isn’t willing to be without Todd, and so Helen feeds into this and allows Todd to live in her house as long as they obey the rules and Julie goes to high school. In this film, Helen clearly demonstrates the permissive parenting style. One last family I will be analyzing is my own; my family consists of my parents Kevin and Melissa, and their five children, which includes Jocelyn, Evin, Jordan, Meadow, and me. I feel like my parents definitely use the democratic parenting style because they have very simple, general rules that they expect us to follow, these rules can be adjusted, but if we break those rules they have no problems enforcing them just a fast to make them stricter. For example, I wanted to go to a concert, this concert didn’t end till 11 o’clock at the earliest, and my curfew is 10:30, obviously this was a conflict, but I talked to my parents and they made a deal and told me I need to be home by 12, but to call and check in with them at 11:00, before agreeing to this they made sure I was aware that they don’t have to allow me to stay out , and that if I come in the house later then 12, then my original curfew will be changed to 8 o’clock. I was obviously happy and I was going to be home by 12 because my parents trusted me and I wouldn’t want to blow it, also because this will show them they can trust me and allow them to be more lenient in the future. Due to the way my parents raise me I feel like it makes my relationship with them better in a whole bunch of different ways, because we can always have fun as a family, I always know I can talk to them and feel comfortable. I also feel like I can have fun, but I know when to much is. In the future I would want to raise my children the same way my parents did so I could have the same good relationship with my children as I did with my parents. After watching the movie Parenthood, I took the time to analyze the three different parenting styles, the Democratic style, the Permissive style, and the Dictatorial style, and all three of these results in some effect on the children who these styles are being used on. The parenting style which I believe is the most affective is the democratic parenting style, which in the text above I used my own family as an example. I believe this is the most effective parenting style because my parents use this style and although they are firm, they’re not so intrusive and restrictive. Personally I feel like I have a better relationship with my parents due to the democratic parenting style because the way my parents approach situations generally or specifically are in a way to where I will be more responsive, and the problem could be solved in a reasonable way as to if they used a more dictatorial parenting style, the outcome would most likely not be the same. In my opinion I believe parenting styles have more of an effect on how children develop, then the genetics from the child itself. We cannot inherit personalities, so parenting styles is a major factor that effect personality development, not genes. This brings in the debate of nurture vs. nature. I believe that the way a parent reacts and responds to their children highly affects the development of a child. The dictatorial parenting style is very restrictive and demanding, never giving a child to think for themselves, these children are very obedient, but are most likely to have very low self-esteem and low social skills because they lack in warmth and nurturance needed from a parent to come out of there shell. The democratic parenting style is demanding and responsive; the environment is loving, caring, and supportive, but also has moderate discipline, these parents communicate with their children in an approach that is responsive building social skills to interact with others, and with support the democratic parent allows the child to think for themselves, guiding them on a path to become independent. The permissive parenting style lacks in any discipline, support, warmth and or love, resulting negatively on a child’s development because the parents rarely use discipline because they have very low expectations of mature and self-control, these children don’t respond well to authority figure and crave the attention they never had. In conclusion, genetics may have some impact in the development of a child, I believe that parenting styles definitely have a greater impact on the development of a child.