Common Chemicals and Where to Find Them

This is a list of common chemicals and where you can find them or how you can make them. Key Takeaways: Locate Common Chemicals Many ordinary household products consist of relatively pure elements and compounds.If you have trouble locating a chemical, check for both its common name and its chemical name. For example, table salt is sodium chloride and saltpeter is potassium nitrate.Read labels to see whether additional compounds have been added. Impurities can have a significant effect on projects. acetic acid (CH3COOH H2O)Weak acetic acid (~5%) is sold in grocery stores as white vinegar. acetone (CH3COCH3)Acetone is found in some nail polish removers and some paint removers. It may sometimes be found labelled as pure acetone. aluminum (Al)Aluminum foil (grocery store) is pure aluminum. So is the aluminum wire and aluminum sheeting sold at a hardware store. aluminum potassium sulfate (KAl(SO4)2†¢12H2O)This is alum that is sold at a grocery store. ammonia (NH3)Weak ammonia (~10%) is sold as a household cleaner. ammonium carbonate [(NH4)2CO3]Smelling salts (drug store) are ammonium carbonate. ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)Ammonium hydroxide may be prepared by mixing household ammonia (sold as a cleaner) and strong ammonia (sold in some pharmacies) with water. ascorbic acid (C6H8O6)Ascorbic acid is vitamin C. It is sold as vitamin C tablets in the pharmacy. borax or sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7 * 10H2O)Borax is sold in solid form as a laundry booster, all-purpose cleaner and sometimes as an insecticide. boric acid (H3BO3)Boric acid is sold in pure form as a powder for use as a disinfectant (pharmacy section) or insecticide. butane (C4H10)Butane is sold as lighter fluid. calcium carbonate (CaCO3)Limestone and calcite are calcium carbonate. Eggshells and seashells are calcium carbonate. calcium chloride (CaCl2)Calcium chloride can be found as a laundry booster or as a road salt or de-icing agent. If you are using the road salt, be sure it is pure calcium chloride and not a mixture of various salts. Calcium chloride is also the active ingredient in the moisture absorbing product DampRid. calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)Calcium hydroxide is sold with garden supplies as slaked lime or garden lime to reduce soil acidity. calcium oxide (CaO)Calcium oxide is sold as quicklime at builder supply stores. calcium sulfate (CaSO4 * H2O)Calcium sulfate is sold as plaster of Paris in craft stores and building supply stores. carbon (C)Carbon black (amorphous carbon) can be obtained by collecting soot from the complete burning of wood. Graphite is found as pencil lead. Diamonds are pure carbon. carbon dioxide (CO2)Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide, which sublimates into carbon dioxide gas. Several chemical reactions evolve carbon dioxide gas, such as the reaction between vinegar and baking soda to form sodium acetate. copper (Cu)Uncoated copper wire (from a hardware store or electronics supply store) is extremely pure elemental copper. copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) and copper sulfate pentahydrateCopper sulfate may be found in certain algicides (Bluestoneâ„ ¢) at pool supply stores and sometimes in garden products (Root Eaterâ„ ¢). Be sure to check the product label, since many different chemicals may be used as algicides. helium (He)Pure helium is sold as a gas. If you only need a little, simply purchase a helium-filled balloon. Otherwise, gas supplies usually carry this element. iron (Fe)Iron skillets are made of elemental iron. You can also pick up iron filings by running a magnet through most soils. lead (Pb)Elemental lead metal is found in lead fishing weights. magnesium sulfate (MgSO4 * 7H2O)Epsom salts, usually sold at a pharmacy, are magnesium sulfate. mercury (Hg)Mercury is used in some thermometers. It is more difficult to find than in the past, but many home thermostats still use mercury. naphthalene (C10H8)Some mothballs are pure naphthalene, though check the ingredients since others are made using (para)dichlorobenzene. propane (C3H8)Propane as sold as a gas barbecue and blow torch fuel. silicon dioxide (SiO2)Silicon dioxide is found as clean sand, which is sold at garden and building supply stores. Broken glass is another source of silicon dioxide. potassium chloridePotassium chloride is found as ​lite salt. sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)Sodium bicarbonate is baking soda, which is sold in grocery stores. sodium chloride (NaCl)Sodium chloride is sold as table salt. Look for the uniodized variety of salt. sodium hydroxide (NaOH)Sodium hydroxide is a strong base that may sometimes be found in solid drain cleaner. The pure chemical is waxy white solid, so if you see other colors in the product, expect that it contains impurities. sodium tetraborate decahydate or borax (Na2B4O7 * 10H2O)Borax is sold in solid form as a laundry booster, all-purpose cleaner and sometimes as an insecticide. sucrose or saccharose (C12H22O11)Sucrose is ordinary table sugar. White granulated sugar is your best bet. There are additives in confectioners sugar. If the sugar is not clear or white then it contains impurities. sulfuric acid (H2SO4)Car battery acid is about 40% sulfuric acid. The acid can be concentrated by boiling it, though it may be heavily contaminated with lead, depending on the state of the batterys charge when the acid was collected. zinc (Zn)Zinc blocks may be sold by some electronics supply stores for use as anode. Zinc sheets may be sold as roof flashing at some building supply stores.

Human Nature, Our Downfall - 1284 Words

In a metaphor, the evolution of civilization is in many ways similar to the evolution of flight. A long story made brief – both required multiple attempts, before they were able to function sustainably. Just as the engineers in the big firms which produce the machines – Airplanes and Helicopters – used for flight, are constantly attempting to improve upon their products, we as members of our respective societies are always looking for better, faster and cheaper ways to sustain ourselves. Civilization requires three main ‘materials’ if you will; Politics – the role of the state and political organization, the spokesperson promoting the idea that might is right, Economics – the production, exchange and economic organization of society. The†¦show more content†¦P.2). This becomes more obvious with the rise of global issues such as, global warming. We demand so much out of this planet, take so much for granted, and care so much for our self interests, yet we fail to consider the health of our home - the earth, which is irreplaceable. The green house effect takes place when carbon dioxide is over present in the atmosphere (carbon dioxide traps solar energy heating the atmosphere). As Godrej points out, â€Å"a vital component of human advancement since industrialization began, aided by greed, is throwing the system off-balance. By burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) to supply our power and manufacturing needs and to drive our cars, were adding over six billion tons of carbon to the atmosphere each year†(Godrej p.18) adding â€Å"the chopping down of forests continues unabated, diminishing the earths ability to soak up carbon.† The effects of carbon build up or the greenhouse effect are not yet fully known, however, what we do know is that the longer this issue persists, the less likely it can be resolved, as is suggested in the Godrej reading – we are reaching a tipping point. The political realm of civilization is strongly influenced by capitalism. The political realm is an arena in which elected officials represent the interests of particular groups within societies. 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Microcontroller Based Sms Micro E-Load Vending Machine free essay sample

Then in 2003, telecommunication companies addressed that problem by launching a nation-wide auto reloading stations through a retailer SIM card that vendors can use to pass an amount of load as specified by the subscriber starting at an appreciable amount of money with an increment of one peso. This new prepaid loading service was introduced to capture the interest of budget minded Filipinos or blue collared employees that prefers to load up in smaller denomination. It is difficult for these people to purchase prepaid loads amounting to hundreds of pesos in one transaction because of their daily budget. That is why people are in a day-to-day basis of buying prepaid loads and a wide-spread of auto loading services nationwide. Subscribers can reload from a minimum of P25 up to a 2 thousand with a P1 denomination. Business people are attracted to this service because it is a low investment business which a person can manage on his/her own. We will write a custom essay sample on Microcontroller Based Sms Micro E-Load Vending Machine or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 2. Statement of the Problem The current process of e-load reloading is typing the password, recipient’s phone number and the amount of prepaid credit. A mere â€Å"0† added to the amount could lead to an enormous loss of income. There will be no means to cancel the transaction once it has been sent. Considering that the earnings are small, any mistakes made are devastating. That’s why it is very important to encode the proper amount and number to the GSM device. A prepaid load can also not be delivered properly when the vendor themselves commits mistake in encoding the recipient’s number. Telecommunication companies are not liable to the mistakes done by the retailer. That’s why there is a need to eliminate the cause of this error. There is a need to automate the current auto loading system implemented here in the Philippines. As seen in most stores, the prepaid auto reloading services are being done manually with the vendor using his/her cellular phone to make the transaction. Considering that the transaction is being processed manually, there is the chance for the seller to commit unwanted mistakes, mistakes which could lead to money loss or the loss of income. To avoid these unnecessary mistakes, there is a need to automate (â€Å"interview†, 2006)

Parenthood- Parenting Styles -Psychology free essay sample

After watching Parenthood, a movie about a family of siblings and their children, I was shown all three of the examples of parenting styles, each of these parents have very different ways of raising their children. The three types of parenting styles include democratic parenting, dictatorial parenting, and permissive parenting. The democratic parenting style is where a parent is laid back, but also has general rules and will enforce more strict rules if necessary, these parents are both demanding and responsive. The dictatorial parenting style is a parent who has many rules and is very restrictive, most everything is very structured. The last parenting style is permissive, the permissive parenting style is really when the child is in charge, and this parent rarely uses discipline just to avoid any confrontation. I will be describing these three different parenting styles with three different families, one of these families being my own. In my opinion al parenting styles are effective on the children who they are being used on, but I personally think the most effective of them is the democratic parenting style. We will write a custom essay sample on Parenthood- Parenting Styles -Psychology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first family I will be analyzing is parents Susan and Nathan and there three year old daughter Patty. Susan is the third daughter of the Buckham family, and both Susan and her husband Nathan have set standards way too high to expect from there little girl, although both of these parents do have high standards, Nathans expectations on Patty is too much, the time spent in attempt to reach these expectations starts affecting his marriage with Susan. After analyzing this family, I definitely saw that Susan and Nathan demonstrate the dictatorial parenting style. I believe that Susan and Nathan use the dictatorial parenting style because in the film its demonstrated multiple different times. One of these examples being when this family was first introduced in the movie, before showing patty, Nathan is shown lecturing someone about their capability of education for the future, personally I was assuming that he was talking to a teenager but once once they reveal Patty, and I see a three year old little girl, I couldn’t understand how he was expecting her to understand. Another example was at a family get together, while all the cousins are playing together like most kids do, Nathan is isolating himself with Patty, practicing square root equations, which most parents aren’t even worried about their kids knowing at the age of three. One last example is when Nathan is teaching his daughter karate, in result Patty is â€Å"studying eastern philosophy†. These examples are basically an everyday orderly thing, Although Nathan just wants the best for his daughter, what he is doing isn’t even the least bit necessary, and his strict parenting is putting a lot of pressure on Patty and she will eventually suffer from it. At Patty’s age she should be able to live freely, and not be forced to learn, eventually she will learn, but right now she is just too young. While forcing patty to learn, Nathan is keeping her isolated from the world full of other children, which has made Patty different from the other children, just as Nathan is to other adults. These examples clearly demonstrate the Dictatorial parenting style and how it has affected Patty. At three years old, no child needs to be forced to absorb and learn unnecessary things, when they have a whole life ahead of them. The second family I will be analyzing is a divorced single mother Helen and her two children Julie and Gary. Helen is a bank manager, who was divorced and abandoned by the father of her children. In this film, it’s clear that Helen demonstrates the permissive parenting style. Both Julie and Gary make trouble, and have no respect for their mother. Julie wants to get married to her boyfriend Todd, who Helen doesn’t like at all, and Gary is experiencing a sexual problem but doesn’t feel comfortable talking to his mom about it. From what I see, both Julie and Gary lack a personal connection with their mother. In this film there are multiple different examples how Helen demonstrates the permissive parenting style. One of these examples is when Julie tried running away from home, Helen reacted by threatening her that if Julie ran away she would never let Julie in the house again, but as soon as Julie walked out of the door she quickly changes her attitude about the situation and lets Julie know that she is welcome home any time, basically giving Julie permission to walk all over her. Another example of this parenting style is when Gary goes to leave the house with a brown paper bag and when Helen questions him about what’s in the bag, Gary ignores her, and continues to walk out of the house. Because Helen practices this parenting style with Julie and Gary, they don’t find it necessary to have any respect for her, and it’s a serious problem once any parent loses respect from their children. Although they are a family, they lack the traits of warmth and nurturance, everyone in this household isolates themselves from each other, and they really never do anything as a family. Due to the lack of relationships, Gary craves attention from some type of male figure, and because he can’t get that attention from his mom, he becomes angry and antisocial. Julie went behind her mother’s back and got married to her boyfriend Todd, she isn’t willing to be without Todd, and so Helen feeds into this and allows Todd to live in her house as long as they obey the rules and Julie goes to high school. In this film, Helen clearly demonstrates the permissive parenting style. One last family I will be analyzing is my own; my family consists of my parents Kevin and Melissa, and their five children, which includes Jocelyn, Evin, Jordan, Meadow, and me. I feel like my parents definitely use the democratic parenting style because they have very simple, general rules that they expect us to follow, these rules can be adjusted, but if we break those rules they have no problems enforcing them just a fast to make them stricter. For example, I wanted to go to a concert, this concert didn’t end till 11 o’clock at the earliest, and my curfew is 10:30, obviously this was a conflict, but I talked to my parents and they made a deal and told me I need to be home by 12, but to call and check in with them at 11:00, before agreeing to this they made sure I was aware that they don’t have to allow me to stay out , and that if I come in the house later then 12, then my original curfew will be changed to 8 o’clock. I was obviously happy and I was going to be home by 12 because my parents trusted me and I wouldn’t want to blow it, also because this will show them they can trust me and allow them to be more lenient in the future. Due to the way my parents raise me I feel like it makes my relationship with them better in a whole bunch of different ways, because we can always have fun as a family, I always know I can talk to them and feel comfortable. I also feel like I can have fun, but I know when to much is. In the future I would want to raise my children the same way my parents did so I could have the same good relationship with my children as I did with my parents. After watching the movie Parenthood, I took the time to analyze the three different parenting styles, the Democratic style, the Permissive style, and the Dictatorial style, and all three of these results in some effect on the children who these styles are being used on. The parenting style which I believe is the most affective is the democratic parenting style, which in the text above I used my own family as an example. I believe this is the most effective parenting style because my parents use this style and although they are firm, they’re not so intrusive and restrictive. Personally I feel like I have a better relationship with my parents due to the democratic parenting style because the way my parents approach situations generally or specifically are in a way to where I will be more responsive, and the problem could be solved in a reasonable way as to if they used a more dictatorial parenting style, the outcome would most likely not be the same. In my opinion I believe parenting styles have more of an effect on how children develop, then the genetics from the child itself. We cannot inherit personalities, so parenting styles is a major factor that effect personality development, not genes. This brings in the debate of nurture vs. nature. I believe that the way a parent reacts and responds to their children highly affects the development of a child. The dictatorial parenting style is very restrictive and demanding, never giving a child to think for themselves, these children are very obedient, but are most likely to have very low self-esteem and low social skills because they lack in warmth and nurturance needed from a parent to come out of there shell. The democratic parenting style is demanding and responsive; the environment is loving, caring, and supportive, but also has moderate discipline, these parents communicate with their children in an approach that is responsive building social skills to interact with others, and with support the democratic parent allows the child to think for themselves, guiding them on a path to become independent. The permissive parenting style lacks in any discipline, support, warmth and or love, resulting negatively on a child’s development because the parents rarely use discipline because they have very low expectations of mature and self-control, these children don’t respond well to authority figure and crave the attention they never had. In conclusion, genetics may have some impact in the development of a child, I believe that parenting styles definitely have a greater impact on the development of a child.

Metapath Company. Offers Evaluation

Metapath Company. Offers Evaluation Metapath Company had been financed by both external and internal sources from the year 1995 up to 1997. The shares held were classified as common stock and preferred stock; the preferred stock was divided further into classes A, B, C and D. There was a slight variation of rights in these classes of shares. Classes A and B were held by non-owners while classes C and D were held by the owners of the company.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Metapath Company. Offers Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The total amounts available from the various shares as per the balance sheet were preferred stock class A $ 61, class B $ 976, class C $ 2, class D $ 7 and common stock $ 6. The price per share for the different classes was as follows, namely, preferred Class A $1.05, preferred class B $1.05, preferred class C $ 1.05, preferred class D $ 1.62 and common stock is 1.05. The capital structure and the total capital of Metapath Company influenced the offer price of Robertson and Stephens. The offer takes into consideration the rights of the various classes of share holders. It is along this line that they negotiate for a new class of preferred shares. The extra right to be attached to this class of shares is the right to participate in extra earnings of the company. RSC’s participating preferred stock is to earn dividends at the rate of the current preferred shares but the share has extra rights. A good example of these rights is the participating right of the shares. The participating right enables them to get a share of the excess earnings of the company similar to the owners of the company. I find RSCs offer to Metapath attractive in terms of pricing. The only unattractive part of the offer are extra rights they have to acquire which are likely to dilute the ownership of Metapath Company. The shareholders of classes A, B, C and D will not be significantly affected by acceptance of th e offer. They will earn dividends at the same rates although the prices of their shares are likely to fall since unlike classes A, B, C and D, the new class E has an extra right that will attract a high demand. The high demand will cause a rise in its price while the prices of the other classes fall. The dividends of common stock holders are likely to reduce if the offer is accepted. The new class of shares will have a right to participate in the excess earnings of the company which were initially shared among common stock holders as dividends. Thus, there will be a significant reduction in the dividends of the owners of the company.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Celltech offer is reasonable as it comes with immediate advantages. It does not dilute the ownership of the company and it is likely to increase the market of Metapath Company. The price of the offer also makes it reasonable and attractive. They should take into consideration the historic information available on the price of the shares of Celltech Company. The price has been rising all through. It will be fair to compute the average price over the years and use it as the current share price or use other computation methods that consider the rising price over the years. Some of the risks associated with the offer are the high competition in the telecommunication industry that may make the company go under as well as the fact that Celltech Company has not been in existence for a long time.

Methamphetamine Information

Crystal Meth/Methamphetamine Information There are several different types of amphetamines, which are stimulants. Crystal methamphetamine or simply crystal meth is an illegal form of the drug. Heres what you need to know. What Is Crystal Meth? The chemical n-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-2-amine is called methamphetamine, methylamphetamine, or desoxyephedrine. The shortened name is simply meth. When it is in its crystalline form, the drug is called crystal meth, ice, Tina, or glass. See the table below for other street names of the drug. Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant. How Is Crystal Meth Used? Usually, crystal meth is smoked in glass pipes, similar to how crack cocaine is used. It may be injected (either dry or dissolved in water), snorted, swallowed, or inserted into the anus or urethra. Why Is Crystal Meth Used? Females often take crystal meth because it can cause extremely rapid weight loss. However, the effects are short term. The body builds up a tolerance to the drug so weight loss tapers off and stops around six weeks after taking the drug. Also, the weight that is lost is regained once a person stops taking methamphetamine. For these reasons, combined with how addictive the drug is, methamphetamine tends not to be prescribed by doctors for weight loss. Some people take meth because of the long-lasting high that it gives. Methamphetamine causes numerous neurotransmitters to be released in the brain, producing a sense of euphoria that may last as long as 12 hours, depending on how the drug was taken. Methamphetamine is popular as a stimulant. As a stimulant, methamphetamine improves concentration, energy, and alertness while decreasing appetite and fatigue. Methamphetamines are also taken by people who are feeling depressed. They may be taken for their side effect of increasing libido and sexual pleasure. What Are the Effects of Methamphetamine Use? This is a list of effects associated with pure methamphetamine use. Because of how its made, crystal meth is never pure, so the dangers associated with taking the street drug extend beyond these effects. Common Immediate Effects EuphoriaIncreased energy and alertnessDiarrhea and nauseaExcessive sweatingLoss of appetite, insomnia, tremors, jaw-clenchingAgitation, irritability, talkativeness, panic, compulsive fascination with repetitive tasks, violence, confusionIncreased libidoIncreased blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, blood sugar levels, bronchodilationConstriction of the walls of the arteriesIn pregnant and nursing women, methamphetamine crosses the placenta and is secreted in breast milk Effects Associated With Chronic Use Tolerance (needing more of the drug to get the same effect)Drug cravingTemporary weight lossWithdrawal symptoms including depression and anhedoniaMeth Mouth where teeth rapidly decay and fall outDrug-related psychosis (may last for months or years after drug use is discontinued) Effects of Overdose Brain damageSensation of flesh crawling (formication)Paranoia, hallucinations, delusions, tension headacheMuscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis) which can lead to kidney damage or failureDeath due to stroke, cardiac arrest or elevated body temperature (hyperthermia) Physical and Chemical Properties of Crystal Meth Crystal meth may be distinguished from other drugs and compounds by its properties. The compound forms two enantiomers (compounds which are mirror images of each other), dextromethamphetamine and levomethamphetamine.Methamphetamine hydrochloride salt is a white crystal or crystalline powder at room temperature that is bitter-tasting and odorless, with a melting point  between 170 to 175  Ã‚ °C (338 to 347  Ã‚ °F). It readily dissolves in water and ethanol.The free base of methamphetamine is a clear liquid that smells like geranium leaves. It dissolves in ethanol or diethyl ether and mixes with chloroform.Although crystal meth is a persistent pollutant in soils, it is degraded by bleach or within 30 days in wastewater that is exposed to light. Where Does Crystal Meth Come From? Methamphetamine is available with a prescription for obesity, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and narcolepsy, but crystal meth is a street drug, made in illegal labs by chemically altering over-the-counter drugs. Making crystal meth usually involves reducing ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, found in cold and allergy medicine. In the US, a typical meth lab employs something called the Red, White, and Blue Process, which entails hydrogenation of the hydroxyl group on the ephedrine or pseudoephedrine molecule. The red is red phosphorus, white is the ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, and blue is iodine, used to make hydroiodic acid. Making crystal meth is dangerous to the people making it and dangerous to the neighborhood where its being made. White phosphorus with sodium hydroxide can produce poisonous phosphine gas, usually as a result of overheating red phosphorus, plus white phosphorus can auto ignite and blow up the meth lab. In addition to phosphine and phosphorus, various hazar dous vapors may be associated with a meth lab, such as chloroform, ether, acetone, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, methylamine, iodine, hydroiodic acid, lithium or sodium, mercury, and hydrogen gas. Street Names for Crystal Meth Crystal meth goes by a number of names: BatuBikers CoffeeBlack BeautiesBladeChalkChicken FeedCrankCristyCrystalCrystal GlassCrystal MethGlassGo-FastHanyakHiroponHot IceIceKaksonjaeL.A. GlassL.A. IceMethMethlies QuickPoor Mans CocaineQuartzShabuShardsSpeedStove TopSuper IceTinaTrashTweakUppersVentanaVidrioYabaYellow Bam

Liverpool and Britain dependent on other countries Essay

Liverpool and Britain dependent on other countries - Essay Example Although the exact moment of globalization occurring in Liverpool is a highly debatable question considering the length of Britain’s history and its extensive involvement in world affairs, it could be send that the election of â€Å"New Labour† in 1997 marked the rapid acceleration of the period. With Tony Blair’s successful efforts to remake the formerly left-wing, anti-free trade Labour party into a pro-market moderate party, Britain decided to go full steam ahead with economic global integration. Britain got its economic act together just as globalization was accelerating, in the late 1980s. It has managed to catch and ride the current wave successfully, selling the world financial and business services where once it sold cotton textiles and machines. Shifting earlier and more decisively than most countries out of mass manufacturing, where it had few advantages over lower-cost competitors, to more easily defended high-value-added goods and services gave it an edge. Margaret Thatcher's painful union-bashing left Britain with flexible labour markets at a time when countries such as France and Germany are struggling with unbudgetable workers and high unemployment. Britain has always been a trading nation. Liverpool has been a central part of that history. Founded by King John in the 12 century, the city has been an important port for a very long time. In the 19th century it became, along with Manchester, the first two British cities connected by railway, allowing the quick transport of goods to market.

Anthropologists Understanding of Human Health Essay

Anthropologists Understanding of Human Health - Essay Example However, the concern of medical anthropologists is to understand how communities understood the concept of health. Medical anthropologists have explored various ways, which different cultures used to understand the concept of disease and health. First is ecological or epidemiological view. Its concern posits the interaction between natural environment and culture to create pattern of diseases and health (Parker and Harper, 2005:123). Second is the critical (applied) medical anthropology view that focuses on how politics and economics affected human health. Third is interpretive view, which concerns with how culture related some symbolic meaning to understand and describe a disease. Epidemiological Perspective Epidemiology concern is to understand how factors within human population would affect human health. The concern of epidemiologists is to investigate cultural factors that contributed to diseases. These cultural factors include eating habit, sexual activity, medical practices, w ork, social interaction and geographical location (Bhasin). The paradox of this anthropological approach is that it cannot be able to identify the causing factors of these illnesses. However, traditionalists advised their people on what practices were best suitable in relation to health or disease risk. Epidemiologists’ research across cultures indicated that illnesses differ (Sharma and Gautam, 2006:143). For instance, blood pressure research conducted across cultures has indicated that pressure differs. The outcome of the study suggests differences across cultures might be the likable cause. The assumption made through medical ecology is that universal approach is applicable in categorising diseases. Measuring of diseases can take geographical dimension, where changes in pattern of settlement could project the anticipated disease or health outcome. For instance, medical anthropologists believe that measuring and mapping of haemoglobin is possible in relation to a given geog raphical region (McElroy, 2002:9). The study of disease in such area would focus on human physiology in relation to the environment. For instance, a disease such as malaria occurs in a given geographical area. The understanding of this condition is very important when it comes to diagnosing of the disease. It is not surprising that the colonial masters that arrived in Africa faced the challenge of Malaria. Ethno medicine The focus of ethno medicine is to explore practices and health beliefs, social roles, and cultural values. The perspective originally focused on the primitive system of life in relation to folk medicine. Today ethno medicine means health maintenance in the society (Elmer, 2004:27). Understanding the concept of ethno medicine, the beliefs, values, and knowledge of specialists in various communities is important. Since ethno medicine encompasses a number of factors, it gives detailed information on how communities interpreted illnesses and the techniques applied in me eting the effects of the illnesses. Traditional healers in Indian culture practice the activities alongside biomedicine that a patient in India would seek (Williams, 2006:215). The role played by the specialists in the traditional times has not faded, as one would think. Some communities demonstrate inclination to traditional methods as much as they would seek biomedicine. Interpretive Perspective Cultures a cross the globe associate different meaning to issues that

Creative Writing - Whangamata Beach Essay Example for Free

Creative Writing Whangamata Beach Essay As I gaze over my photo album I pause on a particular photo. Its dark but I can just make out the shadowy figures posing in the background, the murky night enclosing itself around them. Brightly coloured flames shoot up from the wood in front of them; I can still feel that warmth of the fire. I search my mind trying to place the exact details of that night only they blur and condense until there are only specs of a memory. That photo always brings me back to one place, Whangamata. Looking up to the sky, glimmering with brightly illuminated stars I breathe in only to have my lungs become coated with the thick sea salt that travels up the sandy banks of the beach every time a wave begins to crash down on the shore. I reach for my camera which has been swallowed up by the surrounding sand. Brushing it off I focus it on everyones shadowy faces. They all gather around, they huddle to try fit into the screen of the camera. Taking the photo I hear the shutter click, lying back I close my eyes. The heat of the blazing fire penetrates my skin as I sink into the sand. I think about all the complications Ill have when I get back to Auckland. As I sigh, I position my head on a piece of drift wood. Aiming my stare towards my friends I see them singing and dancing around the fire. Lazily I smile at them when they begin to call my name. Youre no fun! Erin shouts as I stick my tongue out at her in mock response. After a while more people begin to join me beside the fire, their bodies tired from the erratic movement of tonights adventures. Rose begins to hush everyone and as it quietens a clearer noise is audible. Laughter and shouting from the distance booms and echoes around us. Everyone turns to give each other puzzled looks. This is our spot, how could anyone find us here? I squint trying to make out who they are but the blackness of midnight is too dark and hazy. Hidden from my eyesight for a while, shadowy silhouettes eventually emerge from the dimness behind the fire. A group of people were making their way towards us, shouting. One by one our group stood up, I was the last to stand but the first to approach them. Erin ran to catch up with me, linking her arm through mine when she reaches me. Her icy skin gives me goose bumps; I rub my arms to stay warm. Thunder rumbles in the distance as the cool offshore breeze begins to whip my hair lightly backwards and forwards. When we reach the intruders I speak, Im Kayleigh, this is Erin and theyre our friends I motioned towards everybody standing around the fire. The group standing before me smiled. Can we sit with you for a while; weve been walking for hours the boy closest to me asks huskily. I nod in reply. Instead of

History of Computers :: Computers Technology Technological Essays

History of Computers It all began on a brisk, damp October evening in the year nineteen hundred and ninety-nine. All was silent in the household except for the incessant whistling of the tea kettle on the kitchen stove. Oh, and how can I forget the humming of the lawnmower in the backyard. I had just arrived home from band practice when the doorbell rang. Anxious to see if it was for me, I raced down the stairs in hopes that I had received a package, or perhaps flowers, from a boy. My mother answered the door and before my eyes, the largest box ever known to man was placed on the living room floor; it was our very first computer. Somehow I had forgotten that my mother had ordered one for the family only weeks before, and suddenly, caught up in the heat of the moment, my hopes of flowers from that boy in school vanished. Excitement and enthusiasm to put on my scuba gear and surf the web overwhelmed me within no time at all. I couldnÏ€t wait any longer to open the box and assemble th is new piece of machinery or to type my first paper using Microsoft Word or talk to my best friends via America Online. I felt on top of the worldà ¤no, waità ¤on top of the World Wide Web. (Cha-ching!) My parents amassed (emphasis on massà ¤haha) the computer in a half hour, and immediately after supper, I clicked on the icon displaying America Online. Without any hassles, I set up a screen name for myself and began talking to my friends. Naturally, I had no idea what I was doing, not even how to speak to more than one person at a time. Everything was going as smooth as possible; the computer was up and running and the family was content with the dayÏ€s accomplishments. Just when I thought I had it made-in-the-shade J, the computer started going haywire on me. It kicked me offline, the screen went blank, and the entire intricate system crapped out on me. The first thought that entered my head was, Oh snap! The world is crashing down on me I rushed to find my parents to fix the problem, but it was too lateà ¤the computer was gone, or at least I thought it was.

Christmas Carol-‘Fear Is the Only Motivator for Scrooge. It Is When the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come Shows Him His Lonely Grave That He Decides to Change.’ Essay

The main character, Scrooge was scared towards the end. Scrooge is a character from â€Å"Christmas Carol† by Charles Dickens’. Dicken shows Scrooge supernatural things throughout this novel by creating a scary looking angel of death that points to Scrooge’s future grave. The other character who appears towards the end, doesn’t play a big role as the angel of death. The first supernatural appearance didn’t really scare Scrooge. Scrooge thought he was just seeing things when he saw Marley’s face on his house’s door knob. In my opinion when Dickens shows Scrooge the ghost’s image which looked like Marley, Scrooge gets surprise but not scared. Scrooge didn’t actually believe in Marley when he told him â€Å"In the next couple of nights there will be ghost that will visit you†. When Marley leaves Scrooge, Scrooge acts like nothing has happened. None of the ghost makes Scrooge regret life as the last ghost even when the next supernatural ghost visits Scrooge. The second ghost is telling you remember when you were with Belle. The ghost try’s to scare him by showing him and it doesn’t work probably because the way I defined that moment was Scrooge didn’t show any change about Belle. In my opinion you can regret the past and forget it but you’re going to regret it more when you know you’re going to die in a certain years then go with Marley roaming the earth. I think the second last ghost was a waste of character. When you’re trying to change someone you’re trying to show him scary thing not that like feast and caring moment. Why show Scrooge people caring about him when you can show him people talk about Scrooge after his death. When trying to scare a person is by scaring him and getting the punishment. It’s like getting a fine for speeding you’ll be scared about the punishment and not do it again. When the angel of death comes Scrooge already gets scared not like when the last ghost comes wearing nice cloths and throne made up of food. The gho st appears for the dark and fog around his legs which make his entire more scarier and to tell Scrooge things are going to get heaps more serious now and forget about the other ghost, they were being nice but I’m not going to be like them. When the ghost makes Scrooge cry, the ghost has finished his job. When he (ghost) makes Scrooge cry, the cry of Scrooge represents his going to change and you got so scared that you start to cry. I don’t know if you recognised that Scrooge only makes a promise to the last ghost. I will honour Christmas in my heart and try to keep it all the year.† Only make promises when you’re ready to become something new like Scrooge now. I finally say that the best way to make someone regret and change them is by scaring them and I strongly agree that fear is the only motivator for Scrooge is when the ghost of Christmas yet to come shows him his lonely grave that he decides to change.

Federal Policy

Federal Policy requiring equal opportunities for boys and girls in activities, facilities, equipment, curriculum, testing and grading, requirements, and behavior and dress code How do objectives help in physical education and sport? Short-term statements of specific outcomes that build cumulatively to reach a goal. Describe the behavior that an individual will exhibit when the desired outcomes are achieved.What is the pathway of energy in the cells? That's animal com/cellular-respiration/">respiration: Oxygen in burn fuel molecules make ATP carbon dioxide out. Use of ATP as energy to perform muscular activity. Two ways to produce ATP: Anaerobic system Without oxygen High energy expenditure, short time (6-60 seconds) Aerobic system With oxygen Lower rate of energy expenditure, longer period of time (more than 3 minutes) What years marked reform in the schools?Bill Clinton (2000) Educate America Act *readiness to learn, improve graduation rates, Competency in core subjects, world leade rship in math and science, adult literacy, positive safe environment, professional development of teachers, parental involvement George W. Bush (2001) No Child Left Behind *use of standards, assessment, accountability, flexibility, and parental choice to mprove quality of education for all What did the colonial period bring to physical education? Physical education was not part of the school curriculum in colonial times. What are hypokinetic diseases?Diseases cause by insufficient physical activity often with in appropriate dietary practices I-coronary heart disease 2- hypertension 3- osteoporosis 4- non- insulin diabetes 5- chronic back pain 6- obesity 7- colon cancer 8- breast cancer 9- early death IO- adverse lipid profile List the benefits of corporate fitness programs. Reduce absenteeism. Reduce presenteeism losses Achieve higher employee productivity. Reduce workers' compensation and disability-related costs. Reduce injuries. Improve employee morale and loyalty. What are the c lasses of levers? orce (teeter totter) Second Class- weight is between the fulcrum and the force (wheel barrow)Third Class – the forc is bwtween the fulcrum and the weight (arm, shovel, boat paddle)pg198 Describe the domains/skills of physical education Cognitive- Development of intellectual skills -acquisition and application of knowledge -understanding relationship between body, physical activity and health – application of movement concepts to learning and development of motor skills – nowledge of technique, rules, strategies, and safety involved in physical activity Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation Affective- values, social skills, and emotional development Values Ethics Appreciations Attitudes Character development Cooperation Self-responsibility Self-concept and self-esteem Decision-making skills Self-management and control Receiving Responding Valuing Organizing Characterizing by a value or complex Psychomotor- Motor skill s, fitness Motor skill development Presented in a sequential manner from fundamental movements to complex, pecialized sports skills Physical fitness development Development of the psychomotor domain is physical education's unique contribution to the education of children and youth!Reflex movements Basic fundamental movements Perceptual abilities Physical abilities Skilled movements Communication through nonverbal expressions Which physical education leader promoted natural gymnastics? Thomas Dennison What are the recommendations for aerobic activity according to the ACSM? Adults should get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. Exercise recommendations can be met through 30-60 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise five days per week) or 20-60 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise (three days per week). One continuous session and multiple shorter sessions (of at least 10 minutes) are both acceptable to accumulate desired amount of daily exercise.Gradual progr ession of exercise time, frequency and intensity is recommended for best adherence and least injury risk. People unable to meet these minimums can still benefit from some activity. What are the steps in the information processing model? I-lnput 2-Decision Making 3-0utput 4- Feedback How did the ancient Romans view physical education? Exercise for health and military purposes. Rome did not believe in the â€Å"body beautiful† Preferred to be spectators rather than participants Preferred professionalism to amateurism. What is the portion of Americans living below poverty? Who led the playground initiative in NY city? Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg What are the influences on physical activity (age, education, ect†¦ )?High levels of education are associated with good health. Income is also related to health; people who are affluent tend to have better health status than those who are less affluent. Education is often a predictor of income. Many racial and ethnic minorities are e ducationally disadvantaged. Those in poverty are more likely to have difficulty reading. Gender gap is slowly closing. Females read and write better than males, although males perform better in math and science. 2000 Concensus There is an inverse and generally linear relationship for rates of all-cause mortality, total CVD, and CHD incidence and mortality and for the incidence of type 2 diabetes.Accumulation of at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity PA on most days of the week is associated with a significant 20%-30% reduction in all-cause mortality. Additional benefits can be derived from increasing the amount and/or intensity of physial activity. What is the average body fat percentage for men and women? Linear Motion Movement in a straight line and from one point to another. Rotary motion Movement of a body around a center of rotation called an axis. Movement is affected by what factors? Gravity Natural force that pulls all objects toward the center of the earth Center of grav ity Friction Force that occurs when surfaces come in contact and results from the sliding of one surface on the other What does a biomechanist study?Studies movement patterns and how they change across the lifespan and varying disabilities. What was President Bush's contribution to education What are the modifiable causes of death? Tobacco use, poor diet, physical inactivity What are the leading causes of death? Heart disease and Cancer Kinesiology is the sub-discipline of†¦ biomechanics What are sport related components? 1. Agility 2. Balance 3. Coordination 4. Power 5. Reaction Time 6. Speed What are fitness related components? 1 . Cardiovascular fitness 2. Muscular strength 3. Muscular endurance 4. Flexibility 5. Body composition edit. Learning is focused on what elements? What are the different kind of stretching techniques?Ballistic Stretching- The dynamic method uses the momentum generated from epeated bouncing movements to stretch the muscle (not recommended) Static Stre tching – involves gently and slowly moving into the stretch position and holding it Activity levels tend to decrease with age What is the age range for the greatest increase in health club memberships? 18-34 increase 33% 33-54 increase 34% What are the latest findings from the latest Surgeon General's Report? The focus seems to be on the prevention of suicide What president established the President's Council of Youth Fitness? Dwight D. Eisenhower Anthropometric Concerned with the measurement of the human body. Length, width, diameter, circumference, and surface area Galloping Similar to sliding but performed in a forward direction. One foot leads in the forward direction. After the lead foot steps the rear foot follows quickly.The stepping leg is always the lead leg. Skipping Combination of a step and a hop alternating feet after each step-hop. Hopping Involves forcefully pushing off the ground from one foot, a brief suspension in the air, and landing on the same foot. Leapi ng Similar to the run, long step forward to cover distance or to go over an obstacle. Exaggerated running step. Biomechanics The study of the action of external and internal forces on the living body, especially on the skeletal system. Goals The result or achievement toward which effort is directed; aim; end Mission Statements An official document that sets out the goals, purpose, and work of an organization.Objectives Something that one's efforts or actions are intended to attain or accomplish; purpose; goal; target Threshold of Training Minimum level of exercise needed to achieve desired benefits. ACSM American College of Sports Medicine 1954 group of 11 physicians founded the Federation of Sports Medicine later became the ACSM Acceleration Increase of speed or velocity Principle of Conservation of Movement An object in motion stays in motion Exercise Science deals with the study of immediate and long term effects of physical activity on the human body. The how and why the human b ody responds to physical activity is also a focus. Exercise Physiology The scientific study of the acute and chronic metabolic responses of the human body to exercise, including biochemical and physiologic changes in the heart and skeletal muscles.Quantitative Analysis The testing of a substance or mixture to determine the amounts and proportions of its chemical constituents. Ergogenic Aids are any external influences that can be determined to enhance performance in high- pharmacological aids, physiological aids, nutritional aids (sports supplements), and psychological aids. Aerobic (of an organism or tissue) requiring the presence of air or free oxygen for life. Work Exertion or effort directed to produce or accomplish something; labor; toil Static Equalibrium the ability of an individual to adjust to displacements of his or her center of gravity while maintaining a constant base of support.Motor Learning Is the study of the acquisition of motor skills as a result of practice and e xperience. Leve rs A mechanical device used to produce a turning motion about a fixed point or axis. Lever consists of a fulcrum, a force arm, and a weight or resistance arm. Wellness The quality or state of being healthy in body and mind, especially as the result of deliberate effort. Scheme Theory 1975 Schmidt's theory that proposed the idea of generalized motor program. The idea that movement patterns such a kicking or throwing could be generalized to a variety of sports and settings.

Free Essays on Welfarfe

Welfare is it the solution or the problem? A 61-yr old system that was used by the government to help citizens during the great depression, but after the Great depression was it still helping; so many questions need to be answered. Why are people complaining about welfare and the government’s role in it? Why was the 61-yr old system ended? What benefits come with Welfare reform? Was it all worth it? Welfare, where did it come from? During the 1920’s or also known as the roaring 20’s, many families starting buying these items that they couldn’t afford on credit. Since no one had the actual money to buy these goods the stock market crashed. When the stock market crashed on October 29,1929 many families lost everything they had. Who was there to turn to? Here is where Welfare comes into the picture. State and local programs were helping so many families during this tragedy but it wasn’t enough, they needed additional help. The government offered their hand in and helped families find food, clothes and shelter. â€Å"The crash sent shockwaves throughout the economy, bank failed, and business closed, and millions found them out of work. The Great Depression, which would last through the 1930s, had begun.† [PG 1] The Great Depression hit everyone not only the poor but many successful workers, everyone was in need of little assistance â€Å" Even sk illed workers, business owners, successful farmers, and professionals of all kinds found themselves in severe economic difficulty as one out of four in the labor force lost their jobs,† [PG 1] Does the government play a role? Many people don’t know this but there was a form of welfare before the depression. â€Å"A federal welfare system was a radical break from the past. Americans had always prided themselves on having a strong sense on individualism and self – reliance†¦during the 19th century, local and state governments as well as charities established institutions such as poorhous... Free Essays on Welfarfe Free Essays on Welfarfe Welfare is it the solution or the problem? A 61-yr old system that was used by the government to help citizens during the great depression, but after the Great depression was it still helping; so many questions need to be answered. Why are people complaining about welfare and the government’s role in it? Why was the 61-yr old system ended? What benefits come with Welfare reform? Was it all worth it? Welfare, where did it come from? During the 1920’s or also known as the roaring 20’s, many families starting buying these items that they couldn’t afford on credit. Since no one had the actual money to buy these goods the stock market crashed. When the stock market crashed on October 29,1929 many families lost everything they had. Who was there to turn to? Here is where Welfare comes into the picture. State and local programs were helping so many families during this tragedy but it wasn’t enough, they needed additional help. The government offered their hand in and helped families find food, clothes and shelter. â€Å"The crash sent shockwaves throughout the economy, bank failed, and business closed, and millions found them out of work. The Great Depression, which would last through the 1930s, had begun.† [PG 1] The Great Depression hit everyone not only the poor but many successful workers, everyone was in need of little assistance â€Å" Even sk illed workers, business owners, successful farmers, and professionals of all kinds found themselves in severe economic difficulty as one out of four in the labor force lost their jobs,† [PG 1] Does the government play a role? Many people don’t know this but there was a form of welfare before the depression. â€Å"A federal welfare system was a radical break from the past. Americans had always prided themselves on having a strong sense on individualism and self – reliance†¦during the 19th century, local and state governments as well as charities established institutions such as poorhous...

Poder Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Poder Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples Poder is a common auxiliary verb that is frequently used as the equivalent of can or to be able to. Its conjugation is highly irregular; it is a stem-changing verb, since the -o- in the stem often changes to -u- or -ue-, and the ending may also change. There are no other verbs that follow the same pattern. This article includes poder conjugations in the indicative mood (present, past, conditional, future), the subjunctive mood (present and past), the imperative mood, and other verb forms. Poder Present Indicative In the present indicative tense, the stem change o to ue occurs in all the conjugations except nosotros and vosotros. Yo puedo Yo puedo hablar dos idiomas. I can speak two languages. Tà º puedes Tà º puedes bailar bien. You can dance well. Usted/à ©l/ella puede Ella puede hacer un excelente trabajo. She can do an excellent job. Nosotros podemos Nosotros podemos correr una maratà ³n. We can run a marathon. Vosotros podà ©is Vosotros podà ©is ir a la fiesta. You can go to the party. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pueden Ellos pueden tocar un instrumento. They can play an instrument. Preterite Indicative There are two forms of the past tense in Spanish: the preterite and the imperfect. The preterite describes completed actions in the past. Some verbs have slightly different meanings when they are conjugated in the preterite versus the imperfect. When using poder in the preterite, it implies that the action was successfully accomplished, while in the imperfect tense it only gives the sense that the subject had the ability to do the action, but it is not clear whether it was accomplished or not. For this reason, poder in the preterite is translated as was able to. Also, notice that the stem changes from o to u for this irregular conjugation of the preterite. Yo pude Yo pude hablar dos idiomas. I was able to speak two languages. Tà º pudiste Tà º pudiste bailar bien. You were able to dance well. Usted/à ©l/ella pudo Ella pudo hacer un excelente trabajo. She was able to do an excellent job. Nosotros pudimos Nosotros pudimos correr una maratà ³n. We were able to run a marathon. Vosotros pudisteis Vosotros pudisteis ir a la fiesta. You were able to go to the party. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pudieron Ellos pudieron tocar un instrumento. They were able to play an instrument. Imperfect Indicative The imperfect tense describes ongoing or repeated actions in the past. Poder in the imperfect tense implies that someone had the ability to do something, but it doesnt say whether they did it or not. Therefore, poder in the imperfect can be translated as could or used to be able to. Yo podà ­a Yo podà ­a hablar dos idiomas. I could speak two languages. Tà º podà ­as Tà º podà ­as bailar bien. You could dance well. Usted/à ©l/ella podà ­a Ella podà ­a hacer un excelente trabajo. She coulddo an excellent job. Nosotros podà ­amos Nosotros podà ­amos correr una maratà ³n. We could run a marathon. Vosotros podà ­ais Vosotros podà ­ais ir a la fiesta. You could go to the party. Ustedes/ellos/ellas podà ­an Ellos podà ­an tocar un instrumento. They could play an instrument. Future Indicative The future tense is usually conjugated by starting with the infinitive form, but notice that poder is irregular, since it uses the stem podr- instead. Yo podrà © Yo podrà © hablar dos idiomas. I will be able to speak two languages. Tà º podrs Tà º podrs bailar bien. You will be able todance well. Usted/à ©l/ella podr Ella podrhacer un excelente trabajo. She will be able todo an excellent job. Nosotros podremos Nosotros podremos correr una maratà ³n. We will be able torun a marathon. Vosotros podrà ©is Vosotros podrà ©is ir a la fiesta. You will be able togo to the party. Ustedes/ellos/ellas podrn Ellos podrn tocar un instrumento. They will be able toplay an instrument. Periphrastic  Future Indicative   Yo voy a poder Yo voya poder hablar dos idiomas. I am going to be able to speak two languages. Tà º vasa poder Tà º vasa poder bailar bien. You aregoing to be able todance well. Usted/à ©l/ella vaa poder Ella vaa poder hacer un excelente trabajo. She isgoing to be able todo an excellent job. Nosotros vamosa poder Nosotros vamosa poder correr una maratà ³n. We aregoing to be able torun a marathon. Vosotros vaisa poder Vosotros vaisa poder ir a la fiesta. You aregoing to be able togo to the party. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vana poder Ellos vana poder tocar un instrumento. They aregoing to be able toplay an instrument. Present Progressive/Gerund Form The progressive tenses use estar with the gerund, pudiendo. Notice that the stem changes from o to u in the gerund. Although the auxiliary verb poder can be used in the progressive form, it is not really used in that way in English, thus the translation might sound a bit awkward. Present Progressive ofPoder est pudiendo Ella est pudiendo hacer un excelente trabajo. She is being able to do an excellent job. Past Participle The perfect tenses are made by using the appropriate form of haber and the past participle, podido. Present Perfect of Poder ha podido Ella ha podido hacer un excelente trabajo. She has been able to do an excellent job. Conditional Indicative Just like the future tense, the conditional tense is usually conjugated by starting with the infinitive form, but in the case of poder the stem is actually podr-. Yo podrà ­a Yo podrà ­a hablar dos idiomas si viviera en otro paà ­s. I would be able to speak two languages if I lived in another country. Tà º podrà ­as Tà º podrà ­as bailar bien si practicaras ms. You would be able todance well if you practiced more. Usted/à ©l/ella podrà ­a Ella podrà ­ahacer un excelente trabajo, pero es muy perezosa. She would be able todo an excellent job, but she is very lazy. Nosotros podrà ­amos Nosotros podrà ­amos correr una maratà ³n si entrenramos suficiente. We would be able torun a marathon if we trained enough. Vosotros podrà ­ais Vosotros podrà ­ais ir a la fiesta si te dieran permiso. You would be able togo to the party if you got permission. Ustedes/ellos/ellas podrà ­an Ellos podrà ­an tocar un instrumento si tomaran clases. They would be able toplay an instrument if they took lessons. Present Subjunctive The present subjunctive has the stem change o to ue in all of the conjugations except nosotros and vosotros, just like in the present indicative tense. Que yo pueda Mam espera que yo pueda hablar dos idiomas. Mom hopes that I can speak two languages. Que tà º puedas El instructor espera que tà º puedas bailar bien. The instructor hopes that you can dance well. Que usted/à ©l/ella pueda El jefe espera que ella pueda hacer un excelente trabajo. The boss hopes that she can do an excellent job. Que nosotros podamos El entrenador espera que nosotros podamos correr una maratà ³n. The trainer hopes that we can run a marathon. Que vosotros podis Patricia espera que vosotros podis ir a la fiesta. Patricia hopes that you can go to the party. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas puedan Su padre espera que ustedes puedan tocar un instrumento. Your father hopes that you can play an instrument. Poder Imperfect Subjunctive There are two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive, and both options have the stem change o to u. Option 1 Que yo pudiera Mam esperaba que yo pudiera hablar dos idiomas. Mom hoped that I could speak two languages. Que tà º pudieras El instructor esperaba que tà º pudieras bailar bien. The instructor hoped that you could dance well. Que usted/à ©l/ella pudiera El jefe esperaba que ella pudiera hacer un excelente trabajo. The boss hoped that she could do an excellent job. Que nosotros pudià ©ramos El entrenador esperaba que nosotros pudià ©ramoscorrer una maratà ³n. The trainer hoped that we could run a marathon. Que vosotros pudierais Patricia esperaba que vosotros pudierais ir a la fiesta. Patricia hoped that you could go to the party. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas pudieran Su padre esperaba que ustedes pudieran tocar un instrumento. Your father hoped that you could play an instrument. Option 2 Que yo pudiese Mam esperaba que yo pudiese hablar dos idiomas. Mom hoped that I could speak two languages. Que tà º pudieses El instructor esperaba que tà º pudieses bailar bien. The instructor hoped that you could dance well. Que usted/à ©l/ella pudiese El jefe esperaba que ella pudiese hacer un excelente trabajo. The boss hoped that she could do an excellent job. Que nosotros pudià ©semos El entrenador esperaba que nosotros pudià ©semoscorrer una maratà ³n. The trainer hoped that we could run a marathon. Que vosotros pudieseis Patricia esperaba que vosotros pudieseis ir a la fiesta. Patricia hoped that you could go to the party. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas pudiesen Su padre esperaba que ustedes pudiesen tocar un instrumento. Your father hoped that you could play an instrument. Poder Imperative The imperative mood is used to give orders or commands. It is not common to give someone the command to be able to do something. Therefore, the imperative forms of poder sound awkward, especially in the negative forms. Positive Commands Tà º puede  ¡Puede bailar bien! Be able to dance well! Usted pueda  ¡Pueda hacer un excelente trabajo! Be able to do an excellent job! Nosotros podamos  ¡Podamos correr una maratà ³n! Let's be able to run a marathon! Vosotros poded  ¡Poded ir a la fiesta! Be able to go to the party! Ustedes puedan  ¡Puedan tocar un instrumento! Be able to play an instrument! Negative Commands Tà º no puedas  ¡No puedas bailar bien! Don't be able to dance well! Usted no pueda  ¡No pueda hacer un excelente trabajo! Don't be able to do an excellent job! Nosotros no podamos  ¡No podamos correr una maratà ³n! Let's not be able to run a marathon! Vosotros no podis  ¡No podis ir a la fiesta! Don't be able to go to the party! Ustedes no puedan  ¡No puedan tocar un instrumento! Don't be able to play an instrument!

Private Law and the Facts on the Case of an Unilateral Contract Study

Private Law and the Facts on the of an Unilateral Contract - Case Study Example According to the case, it was clear the offer was revoked and Megan learned of it before completing the task. On the other hand, the offer made was unilateral and there would only exist a contract between the parties once the act was complete. The technicality of unilateral contracts is that there exists no contract between the offeror and offered until the performance of the contract is complete. Unilateral contracts do not base on promises like the other contracts. Contracts made on promises may prove challenging to revoke and may require specific action based on the communication needs of the offer. A case example includes the Carlill vs. Carbolic Smoke Ball Company. The company made an offer that was termed a unilateral offer by the court that indicated that the company provided that a person that used their carbolic smoke ball that was meant to cure flu and did not work would have a right to claim $100 from the company for the failure of their drug to meet the indications that the company made. In this case, anybody that bought the drug and applied it expected it to perform and the buying indicated acceptance. One would not claim a breach of contract without trying out the drug. In this case, the actual performance was the trying of the drug. Relating this case to the current scenario, Megan would only indicate acceptance by completing the contract. Having summarized the nine movies did not result into an acceptance for the offer since the offer was seeking acceptance through performance. In case Megan had completed the offer needs before the revocation of the offer, then that would result to breach of contract. The unilateral contract provides for the prevention of a stringent level of commitment to the contract. An offer made in this sense provides for the room for the offeror to monitor the progress of the contract that the offeree is meant to accomplish in order to claim consideration and acceptance. Such cases have a major  implication in many offers especially those considered of minute considerations.

Review 5_2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Review 5_2 - Essay Example Semi-automated handling systems involves the utilization of typical equipment such as automated guided vehicles, computerizes sortation, robotics, and live tracks. Semi-automated systems are often used to supplement the mechanized handling systems. The general working principle of the system is that it contains a mechanical system, whose operations are automated by either programming or applying other formats (Codourey, Zesch, Buchi & Siegwart, 1995). Automated handling systems are integrated system involving such activities as handling, and controlling of materials by use of fully computerized equipment, in which, their entire operation is fully dependent on the computer instructions directed to them. The system includes digital conveyors; Automated guided vehicle and automated storage and retrieval systems. In these systems, computers direct automatic loaders to pick and place items where they are required. Automatic guided vehicles are driverless vehicles, in which their control unit is connected to a computer interface to manage their function. Automated material handling systems improve efficiency of transportation, storage and retrieval of materials (Viswanadham & Narahari, 1992). Information directed systems combines the control typical of automated handling with the flexibility of mechanized systems. Informational directed systems use mechanized processing controlled by information technology. The most common examples of information directed systems are the RF controlled equipment and the light detected operations. Consumer packaging is a package that is customarily produced or distributed for sale through retail sales agencies for consumption or use by individuals for the purposes of personal care. Industrial packaging is particularly a package intended solely for industrial or institutional use or wholesale distribution (Chandra & Kamrani, 2003). Consumer packaging is an essential in the contemporary society.

Discussion 9 and 10 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion 9 and 10 - Coursework Example It has affected many different mechanisms in the way humans work and interact such as information gathering and information sharing. However, the advent of the Internet has also had many effects on the way that people think, they way that they structure their time, their perceptions and the manner in which they structure their interests. An example of this is social media, which is internet content that relies on content generated by users. Such social media includes websites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and MySpace. For many the use of such sites has become a daily ritual, often supplanting things that they are meant to be doing, such as studying or working. This essay will examine the manner in which technology alters the structure of our interests in respect to the Internet and associated technologies. It will involve a in-depth review of the literature available, and if an unaddressed area still remains than a qualitative research method will be determined. References Cer uzzi, P. E. (2004). The "Problem" of Computer-Computer Communication, 1995-2000: A Technological Fix. In L. Rosner (Ed.), The Technological Fix (pp. 203-217). New York: Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.  Discussion Two For this I originally planned to ‘fast’ from using the Internet. ... As time progressed I found it much easier not to turn on the television and to find other activities. While the ‘fast’ was difficult at first and required a substantial amount of thought and effort to determine other activities I found that I learnt a lot about myself in the process. When I stopped the ‘fast’ I found that I did not watch television as much as before, preferring other activities, and it was not automatic for me to turn it on whenever I was in the same room. In retrospect, I found that fasting from one form of technology increased my use of other technologies. I had expected that stopping using television would increase the amount of time that I spent with other people and outdoors, but this was not the case. In general I found that I spend increased time on the Internet, although I did not watch online movies or television episodes as I considered this to be cheating the spirit of the fast. Instead I spent a lot of time on social networking s ites, especially Facebook, and playing games. I considered that this experiment provided an interesting demonstration of the role that technology plays in our lives. Even though I restricted myself from using one particular form of technology, I found that my use of another increased. It was difficult at first not to watch television, and I imagine it would be extremely difficult not to use any form of technology for pleasure even for a day. Technology has become extremely integrated in our lives and this was evident during my ‘fast’ from

Can False Memories be Implanted?

Can False Memories be Implanted? Ajantha Uvaraju Abstract This study is to find out that is it possible for memory to be implanted in students. It is hypothesized if the memory constructed for implanting is highly a plausible event then it is more likely for creation of false memory to occur. Thirty participants of first year Monash University students are recruited. Each of them is accompanied with a partner who is closely related to the subjects (ie: parent, sibling or close relative who knew the subject too well). The partners are asked to read descriptions of 2 events happened to subjects when they were 5 years old and a false event. The one plausible false event is describing of the subject being lost in a mall while shopping depicted from Loftus and Pickrell (1995). While the other is a less plausible memory is an overnight hospitalization for a high fever with possible ear infection made up by Hyman et al (1995). Subjects are split into half where one group receives the plausible event while other the less plausible. Subjects are ask ed to recall everything that they could remember about each event.After that, they are also asked to the rate the confidence from scale of 1 to 5 (1=not confident and 5= extremely confident that it has happened). Here participant would remember the more plausible false memory comparing with lesser one. As memory that is more plausible tend to have higher rating in confidence and in clarity. It is found that the more plausible the event is more likely to be planted in memory than the less plausible event. Introduction People equate of memory as to a recording device, ability to accurately documenting and storing everything that happens with perfect accuracy and clarity. In reality, memory is very prone to fallacy. This is due to existence of false memory. Bartholomew, (2001) describes false memory as a mental experience which mistakenly taken for a representation of an event from one’s personal past It consists of either remembering items or events that never happened, or remembering them differently from the way they actually occurred. Memory of false event has practice especially by psychologist. One of it is repressed memory recovered from a witness via hypnotism of an event that had happen 20 years ago is used to testify against a convict of murder. In spite of this without hypnosis, studies show that people’s memories are open to influence. For instance, Loftus and Pickerel (1995) who conducted research on adults regarding memories of their childhood event that happened and asked them to remember these events with a false memory added into as well. Experiments demonstrated that memories for entirely false events can be implanted. It has been argued that there are limits to the types of events or beliefs that can be suggestively implanted, and that only events that are plausible can be implanted in memory ( Hyman, Gilstrap, Decker, Wilkinson, 1998 ; Hyman Kleinknecht, 1999 ; Lindsay Read, 1994 ; Pezdek, Finger, Hodge, 1997 ). In support of this statement, a report by Pezdek at. al (1997) shows successfully implanting a memory of being lost in participants, but being unable to implant a memory for a less plausible event (receiving a rectal enema). Although, few past research like Loftus was indeed an illustration of planting false event in subjects. Nevertheless there are drawbacks. The memory used in implanting here is common thus suggestively implanting a memory like getting lost in the mall have high chance of succeeding. Therefore this study is to find the role of event plausibility in memory planting by comparing the type of false memory implanted like high plausible false event and implausible false event and its effects on confidence rating among university students. It is hypothesized if the memory constructed for implanting is highly a plausible event then it is more likely for creation of false memory to occur. Method As mentioned the participants of this study are students of first year from Monash University consisting of 15 females and 15 male students and age must be 18 years or older. Each subject is required to bring a partner who is: (1) no more than 2 year younger than subject, (2) was close relative or sibling of the subject and (3) have been in contact with subject at age 5 to 6. The sampling method used here is convenience sampling.The procedures will be approved by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee Design In this study the independent variable is type of false event which isplausible and least plausible event.Plausible event is subject being lost in shopping mall and the least possible event is overnight hospitalization due to fever with possible of ear infection. As for the dependent variable is confidence and clarity rating. This experiment is design in an experimental strategy and between-subjects experiment design. Materials The dependent variable is measured in terms of clarity and confidence where in clarity rating is a scale from 1 to 10, with 1 as unclear to 10 being very clear and also the rate of confidence from scale of 1 to 5 (1=not confident and 5= extremely confident that more could be remember. Procedure Study begins with the subjects’ partner in writing the participants’ childhood memories in a booklet, and from that list of the childhood memories two memories are chosen and together with the constructed one. Participants are randomly and evenly assigned into groups of two with each group has its distinct condition. In Group (1): Subjects are provided two memories of true event and one memory of false plausible event, group (2): two memories of true event and one memory less false plausible event. The partners are instructed to read a brief description of the chosen entree given to them to respective subject which include the name of event and age of subject when it happened. After reading the description participants will be asked to recall themselves of the event and to talk about what they can remember space is also provided in filling in their part of the memory. At the end of the session they are asked to think about the event discuss and were later call for anoth er session in a week time. After a week they were presented rate their memory in terms of confidence. They the rate the confidence from scale of 1 to 5 (1=not confident and 5= extremely confident that this event did happen in their childhood. Finally after complete rating they are to be inform on the research objective and also regarding that the certain memory suggested are fictitious. The participants do receives our apologies for our deception and are asked to guess which memory is true and which is false. Results In this study result involves in number of subjects who remembered the more plausible events versus less plausible events and confidence rating given its upmost importance. Data on subject remembering true event is overlooked. The data will be analyses as such: 1) counting number of subjects believe plausible events in each condition in group 1, group 2. Same goes for number of subjects who believed the less plausible event. 2) The amount are compared with each other. It is normally that number of subjects remembering the plausible events exceeds more than the less plausible events. Subjects rated their confidence rating on each event on the term that how positive they are of that the event happened. With a scale of 1 to 5 (1=not confident and 5= extremely confident that it has happened). It can be forecast that the mostly rating score for plausible event will be more than 1 compare to the relative less plausible event. Based from scores the mean for confidence rating will be calcula ted for both event. If the hypothesis is supported the mean confidence in plausible event will be high and less for less plausible event. As well as the median will show the similar pattern with a higher valu compare with the less plausible event. Discussion The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the memory constructed for implanting is highly a plausible event then it is more likely for creation of false memory to occur. It is expected of the finding that relatively plausible events are more likely to be recall than less plausible events. According to Pezdek, Blandon-Gitlin and et. al (2006) the reason behind this is because of the significant interaction of plausibility and imagination is that if people find that event to be plausible, they tend to search more of their autobiographical memory for relevant details of the event. Study provided by Pezdek, Finger and et. al (1997) shows the finding that relatively plausible events are more likely to be planted in memory than relatively implausible events has implications for the cognitive processes underlying suggestibility. In their study three events were falsely recalled and that all three were relatively plausible event. This can be explained via literature of script processing on understanding cognitive process. Based on Grasser, 1981: Grasser and Nakamura, 1982), a specific memory trace is formed by the comprehender when a scripted activity is experienced. This is because memory trace consists of pointers to an epitome script that has been copied from a permanent generic script. As a result the epitome script for the specific event includes all the script-relevant action triggered by the experienced event as well as script-relevant actions that were triggered by default due to script-based inferences that occurred during comprehension. This means when a description of a specific occurrence of an activity suggested to a person and asked if it has happened to the individual, instantly the person will cross check the memory suggested with his or her’s own memory for related occurrence of that activity to verify if a match is found. If described memory and memory of individual overlaps there is more likely a match and the described event is evaluated to be true. However there are cases that when it comes to planting memory implausible memory can be planted. Mazzoni et.al (2001) in the effects of suggestion new information could make events seem less implausible. Mazzoni (1991) exposing people to new information designed to enhance plausibility removes two of the three major ways in which they know that an event did not happen to them. When a person initially thinks an event did not happen, they may base this on three sources of information. First, is not having memory of the event. Second, knowledge about the event is insufficient to realize that they may have experienced it. Third, is having the knowledge about it then allows them to reject it as part of their own autobiography. Limitation of this study can be mentioned such as this study is restricted to university student only as it does not represent the whole population. In future research manipulation of event plausibility should be done on different degree of plausible event and different suggestive technique. In addition, instead of convenience sampling a better alternative sampling method need to apply. References Hyman, E I; Husband, T H; Billings, J F;. (1995). False memories of childhood experiences. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 181-195. J, B. D. (1984). False Memories, Psychology of. International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences, 5254-5259. Loftus, E.F, Pickerell, J.E. (1995). The Formation of False Memory. Psychiatrics Annals, 25(12), 720-725. Hyman, I. E. Kleinknecht, E. E. (1999). False childhood memories: Research, theory, and applications.(In L. M. Williams V. L.Banyard (Eds.),Trauma and memory(175—188). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.) Hyman, I. E., Gilstrap, L. L., Decker, K. Wilkinson, C. (1998). Manipulating remember and know judgements of autobiographical memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 12, 371-386 Pezdek, K., Finger, K. Hodge, D. (1997). Planting false childhood memories: The role of event plausibility. Psychological Science, 8, 437-441 Lindsay, D. S. Read, J. D. (1994). Psychotherapy and memories of childhood sexual abuse: A cognitive perspective. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 8, 281-338 Hyman, I. E., Gilstrap, L. L., Decker, K. Wilkinson, C. (1998). Manipulating remember and know judgements of autobiographical memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 12, 371-386 Lindsay, D. S. Read, J. D. (1994). Psychotherapy and memories of childhood sexual abuse: A cognitive perspective. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 8, 281-338 ( KATHY PEZDEK; BLANDON-GITLIN, Iris;, 2008) PEZDEK K., BLANDON-GITLIN, i;. (2008). Planting False Memories for Childhood Sexual Abuse Only Happens to Emotionally Disturbed PeopleNot Me. Applied cognitive psychology, 1466. Graesser, A.C., Nakamura, G.V (1982). The Impact of a schema on comprehension and memory.The psychology of learning and motivation:Advances in research and theory.,(16).New York Academic Press.

Developmental Stages Essay -- essays research papers

What is their developmental level? Piaget During Kindergarten, the child is in Piaget’s preoperational stage. This stage last from ages 2-7 years. Throughout this stage, the child is not able to see things from anyone else’s perspective but their own. The child has a lack of conservation and is unable to understand that if a substance is rearranged it is still the same amount. Irreversibility is also present and the child does not understand that certain processes can be undone. The child has the inability to reason about transformations and focuses primarily on static situations. The child strongly believes in single classification and does not understand that one entity can hold two or more positions. The child has transductive reasoning and combines unrelated facts together to obtain their own belief. Kolhberg During Kindergarten, the child is in Kolhberg’s preconvetional morality which is based from his three levels and six stages of moral reasoning. In level one of this theory, there are two stages the child will enter. This stage is seen in pre-school age children through high school. For the duration of stage one, the child will formulate decisions that are best for their well-being. They will try to avoid punishment at all cost and maintain a strong sense of obedience. The child will do this with no regards for the feelings of others. The child will obey rules given chiefly by powerful authority figures (i.e. parents, teachers, babysitters, family, etc.). During t...

Which Of The Following Was The Most Important Reason For The Success Of Hitler’s Foreign Policy?

Britain and France were sympathetic to Germany because of the harshness of The Treaty of Versailles for example the Rhineland was to be demilitarised and land such as Posen and West Prussia were taken from Germany. For these reasons they thought that this could be relaxed as shown by the naval agreement of 1935 and their ignoring the German army's March into the Rhineland. It seemed reasonable that German speaking people should be united and Germany regain the land that they lost. Therefore the Treaty of Versailles was an important reason because it was the root cause of everything that happened. It led to the German people getting angry and voting for the extremist party's and Hitler coming to power. If the Treaty hadn't been made then Britain and France would not have had anything to appease Germany over because there wouldn't have been a need for them to regain the land they lost as it would have still been theirs. The League of Nations had failed by 1938 when Hitler went into Austria. The reaction of the more powerful countries to events in Ethiopia and Manchuria had shown that countries such as Britain and France acted in their own self-interest when dealing with invasions by powerful countries when they attacked smaller countries. Thus the idea of collective security was seen as unworkable as countries were willing to use their own armies to protect smaller countries. Britain and France did not want to be involved in war. This meant that the failure of the League of Nations was and important reason for the success of Hitler's foreign policy because Hitler knew hat he could get away with anything without the league on his back. He already knew that the league had let Japan get away with invading Manchuria so Hitler believed that he could get away with what ever he wanted to do so he played with this and invaded countries and broke the Treaty of Versailles. The failure of the league meant that Hitler could invade all of ‘his' countries and begin a war. Hitler knew that Britain and France feared Communist Russia more than they feared Nazi Germany. This is shown by the friendly relationships between Britain and France and Germany during the first half of the 1930's e.g. 1936 Olympics held in Britain. Therefore Britain and France were happy to see a strong Germany as a buffer against the USSR. This was an important reason for the success of Hitler's foreign policy because France and Britain were scared of Russia as they were communists and they didn't want them to invade them because Russia was too big and strong to defeat. Germany was strong and not communists and was in-between France, Britain and Russia and France and Britain didn't want to upset Germany. Appeasement showed Hitler that Britain and France were willing to allow him to do anything that he wanted to do. Hitler tried something out to see what would happen so he occupied the Rhineland and rearmed it. He sent troops into the Rhineland but Britain and France didn't do anything because they thought this was Germany's anyway so why not let them have it back. When Britain and France let him off of that, he thought why not try something else so he the invaded Austria. Then once again Britain and France appeased Germany. When Hitler saw that he was getting away with anything that he wanted to he took it another step forward until it led to war. For this reason appeasement was a the most important reason for the success of Hitler's foreign policy because it allowed Hitler to do what he wanted and get away with anything. If Britain and France would have not appeased Hitler then he probably wouldn't have done the things he did that made his foreign policy a success. If Britain and France would have done something then Hitler wouldn't have gone as far as he did. Hitler took it as far as he could, got back all of the land that Germany had lost and it all eventually led to war. Therefore Hitler knew that Britain and France were unlikely to act against him when he went into Austria, Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia. He was rearming all the time that appeasement was occurring and so becoming stronger and more willing to risk war over Poland. Therefore appeasement was an important reason for the success of Hitler's foreign policy.